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<!-- Generated by CompSci Transform (tm) - http://www.compsciresources.com -->
<!-- Created: Thu Mar 27 12:03:21 UTC 2025 -->
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  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#PvpDisclosure" roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpDisclosure"/>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpDisclosure" xlink:type="extended">
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="ecd_PvpTable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PvpTable"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ProfitLoss"/>
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" order="101" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label"/>
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